消火栓系統(tǒng)設計需要注意哪些事項,？
來源：http://n3462.cn/ 日期：2023-09-15
消火栓系統(tǒng)主要組成：
The main components of the fire hydrant system are:
消防水源-----消防水池-----消防水泵-----消防管網(wǎng)及閥門（水泵接合器）-----消火栓---->高位水箱（穩(wěn)壓泵）等主要部分組成的消防滅火系統(tǒng)。
The fire extinguishing system is composed of main components such as fire water source - fire pool - fire water pump - fire pipe network and valves (water pump adapter) - fire hydrant ->high-level water tank (pressure stabilizing pump).
一,、消防水源：
1,、 Fire water source:
自然水源可作為消防水源，通常消防水源為市政給水,。
Natural water sources can be used as firefighting water sources, usually municipal water supply.
關鍵點：雙路+環(huán)網(wǎng)
Key points: dual path+ring network
用作兩路消防供水的市政給水管網(wǎng)應符合下列要求：
The municipal water supply network used for two-way fire water supply should meet the following requirements:
市政給水廠應少兩條輸水干管向市政給水管網(wǎng)輸水,；
Municipal water supply plants should have at least two main water supply pipes supplying water to the municipal water supply network;
市政給水管網(wǎng)應為環(huán)狀管網(wǎng)；
The municipal water supply network should be a circular network;
應少有兩條不同的市政給水干管上不少于兩條引入管向消防給水系統(tǒng)供水,。
There should be at least two different municipal water supply main pipes with at least two inlet pipes to supply water to the fire water supply system.
二,、消防水池：
2、 Fire water pool:
關鍵點：有效容積+補水時間+消防水不作他用
Key points: effective volume+water replenishment time+fire water not used for other purposes
有效容積
Effective volume
【消防水池的有效容積不應小于100m3,，當僅設有消火栓系統(tǒng)時不應小于50m3,。】
The effective volume of the fire pool should not be less than 100m3, and when only a fire hydrant system is installed, it should not be less than 50m3
當消防水池采用兩路消防供水且在火災情況下連續(xù)補水能滿足消防要求時,，消防水池的有效容積應根據(jù)計算確定,，但不應小于100m3，當僅設有消火栓系統(tǒng)時不應小于50m3,。
When the fire pool adopts two ways of fire water supply and continuous replenishment in case of fire can meet the fire protection requirements, the effective volume of the fire pool should be determined based on calculation, but should not be less than 100m3. When only a fire hydrant system is installed, it should not be less than 50m3.
消防水池有效容積的計算應符合下列規(guī)定：
The calculation of the effective volume of the fire pool should comply with the following regulations:
當市政給水管網(wǎng)能保證室外消防給水設計流量時,，消防水池的有效容積應滿足在火災延續(xù)時間內(nèi)室內(nèi)消防用水量的要求；
When the municipal water supply network can ensure the design flow of outdoor fire water supply, the effective volume of the fire pool should meet the requirements for indoor fire water consumption during the duration of the fire;
當市政給水管網(wǎng)不能保證室外消防給水設計流量時，消防水池的有效容積應滿足火災延續(xù)時間內(nèi)室內(nèi)消防用水量和室外消防用水量不足部分之和的要求,。
When the municipal water supply network cannot guarantee the design flow of outdoor fire water supply, the effective volume of the fire pool should meet the requirements of the sum of indoor fire water consumption and the insufficient part of outdoor fire water consumption during the fire duration.
補水時間
Water replenishment time
【補水時間不宜大于48h】
The water replenishment time should not exceed 48 hours
消防水池的給水管應根據(jù)其有效容積和補水時間確定,，補水時間不宜大于48h，但當消防水池有效總容積大于2000m3時,，不應大于96h,。消防水池進水管管徑應計算確定，且不應小于DN100,。
The water supply pipe of the fire pool should be determined based on its effective volume and replenishment time. The replenishment time should not exceed 48 hours, but when the total effective volume of the fire pool is greater than 2000m3, it should not exceed 96 hours. The diameter of the inlet pipe of the fire pool should be calculated and determined, and should not be less than DN100.
消防水不作他用
Fire water is not used for other purposes
消防用水與其他用水共用的水池,，應采取確保消防用水量不作他用的技術措施。
Technical measures should be taken to ensure that the water used for fire protection is not used for other purposes in pools that are shared with other water sources.
三,、消防水泵：
3,、 Fire water pump:
關鍵點：流量+揚程+特性曲線
Key points: flow rate+head+characteristic curve
消防水泵生產(chǎn)廠商應提供完整的水泵流量揚程性能曲線，并應標示流量,、揚程,、氣蝕余量、功率和效率等參數(shù),。5.1.4 單臺消防水泵的小額定流量不應小于10L/s,，大額定流量不宜大于320L/s。
The manufacturer of fire water pumps should provide a complete pump flow and head performance curve, and should indicate parameters such as flow, head, cavitation margin, power, and efficiency. The minimum rated flow rate of a single fire water pump should not be less than 10L/s, and the maximum rated flow rate should not be greater than 320L/s.
高位消防水箱
High level fire water tank
關鍵點：有效容積+靜壓差+防凍
Key points: effective volume+static pressure difference+anti freezing
高層民用建筑,、總建筑面積大于10000m2且層數(shù)超過2層的公共建筑和其他重要建筑,，必須設置高位消防水箱；
High level fire water tanks must be installed in high-rise civil buildings, public buildings with a total construction area greater than 10000m2 and more than 2 floors, and other important buildings;
有效容積
Effective volume
臨時高壓消防給水系統(tǒng)的高位消防水箱的有效容積應滿足初期火災消防用水量的要求,，并應符合下列規(guī)定：
The effective volume of the high-level fire water tank of the temporary high-pressure fire water supply system should meet the requirements for initial fire water consumption and comply with the following regulations:
一類高層公共建筑,，不應小于36m3，但當建筑高度大于100m時,，不應小于50m3,，當建筑高度大于150m時，不應小于100m3,；
A type of high-rise public building should not be less than 36m3, but when the building height is greater than 100m, it should not be less than 50m3, and when the building height is greater than 150m, it should not be less than 100m3;
多層公共建筑,、二類高層公共建筑和一類高層住宅，不應小于18m3,，當一類高層住宅建筑高度超過100m時,，不應小于36m3；
Multi story public buildings, Class II high-rise public buildings, and Class I high-rise residential buildings should not be less than 18m3. When the height of Class I high-rise residential buildings exceeds 100m, it should not be less than 36m3;
二類高層住宅,，不應小于12m3,；
Class II high-rise residential buildings should not be less than 12m3;
建筑高度大于21m的多層住宅，不應小于6m3,；
Multi story residential buildings with a building height greater than 21m should not be less than 6m3;
工業(yè)建筑室內(nèi)消防給水設計流量當小于或等于25L/s時,，不應小于12m3，大于25L/s時不應小于18m3,；
When the design flow rate of indoor fire water supply in industrial buildings is less than or equal to 25L/s, it should not be less than 12m3, and when it is greater than 25L/s, it should not be less than 18m3;
總建筑面積大于10000m2且小于30000m2的商店建筑,，不應小于36m3，總建筑面積大于30000m2的商店,，不應小于50m3,，當與本條第1款規(guī)定不一致時應取其較大值。
Store buildings with a total construction area greater than 10000m2 and less than 30000m2 should not be less than 36m3, and stores with a total construction area greater than 30000m2 should not be less than 50m3. When inconsistent with the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article, the larger value should be taken.
靜壓差
Static pressure difference
高位消防水箱的設置位置應高于其所服務的水滅火設施,，且低有效水位應滿足水滅火設施不利點處的靜水壓力,，并應按下列規(guī)定確定：
The location of the high-level fire water tank should be higher than the water extinguishing facility it serves, and the minimum effective water level should meet the hydrostatic pressure at the most unfavorable point of the water extinguishing facility, and should be determined according to the following regulations:
一類高層公共建筑，不應低于0.10MPa,，但當建筑高度超過100m時,，不應低于0.15MPa；
A type of high-rise public building should not be lower than 0.10MPa, but when the building height exceeds 100m, it should not be lower than 0.15MPa;
高層住宅,、二類高層公共建筑,、多層公共建筑，不應低于0.07MPa,，多層住宅不宜低于0.07MPa,；
High rise residential buildings, Class II high-rise public buildings, and multi-story public buildings should not be less than 0.07MPa, and multi-story residential buildings should not be less than 0.07MPa;
工業(yè)建筑不應低于0.10MPa，當建筑體積小于20000m3時,，不宜低于0.07MPa,；
Industrial buildings should not be less than 0.10MPa, and when the building volume is less than 20000m3, it should not be less than 0.07MPa;
自動噴水滅火系統(tǒng)等自動水滅火系統(tǒng)應根據(jù)噴頭滅火需求壓力確定，但小不應小于0.10MPa,；
Automatic water extinguishing systems such as sprinkler systems should be determined based on the required pressure of the nozzle for extinguishing fire, but the minimum pressure should not be less than 0.10MPa;
當高位消防水箱不能滿足本條第1款～第4 款的靜壓要求時,，應設穩(wěn)壓泵。
When the high-level fire water tank cannot meet the static pressure requirements of paragraphs 1 to 4 of this article, a pressure stabilizing pump should be installed.
防凍
Antifreeze
高位消防水箱間應通風良好,，不應結冰,，當必須設置在嚴寒、寒冷等冬季結冰地區(qū)的非采暖房間時,，應采取防凍措施,，環(huán)境溫度或水溫不應低于5℃。
The high-level fire water tank room should have good ventilation and should not freeze. When it is necessary to set up non heating rooms in areas with severe cold, cold or other winter freezing conditions, antifreeze measures should be taken, and the ambient temperature or water temperature should not be lower than 5 ℃.
【消防水池可露天設置,，當與生活水池合用時,，需設置在室內(nèi)】
The fire pool can be set outdoors, and when used in conjunction with the domestic pool, it needs to be set indoors
四、穩(wěn)壓泵：
4,、 Pressure stabilizing pump:
關鍵點：設計流量+設計壓力
Key points: design flow rate+design pressure
設計流量
Design flow rate
【宜按消防給水設計流量的1%～3%計,，且不宜小于1L/s】
It should be calculated based on 1% to 3% of the design flow rate of fire water supply, and should not be less than 1L/s
穩(wěn)壓泵的設計流量應符合下列規(guī)定：
The design flow rate of the pressure stabilizing pump should comply with the following regulations:
穩(wěn)壓泵的設計流量不應小于消防給水系統(tǒng)管網(wǎng)的正常泄漏量和系統(tǒng)自動啟動流量；
The design flow rate of the pressure stabilizing pump should not be less than the normal leakage rate of the fire water supply system pipeline network and the automatic start-up flow rate of the system;
消防給水系統(tǒng)管網(wǎng)的正常泄漏量應根據(jù)管道材質(zhì),、接口形式等確定,，當沒有管網(wǎng)泄漏量數(shù)據(jù)時,，穩(wěn)壓泵的設計流量宜按消防給水設計流量的1%～3%計，且不宜小于1L/s,；
The normal leakage rate of the fire water supply system pipeline network should be determined based on the pipeline material, interface form, etc. When there is no pipeline leakage data, the design flow rate of the pressure stabilizing pump should be calculated at 1% to 3% of the fire water supply design flow rate, and should not be less than 1L/s;
消防給水系統(tǒng)所采用報警閥壓力開關等自動啟動流量應根據(jù)產(chǎn)品確定,。
The automatic starting flow rate of alarm valves, pressure switches, etc. used in the fire water supply system should be determined based on the product.
設計壓力
Design pressure
【靜水壓力應大于0.15MPa，增加值宜為0.07MPa～0.10MPa】
The hydrostatic pressure should be greater than 0.15 MPa, with an increase of 0.07 MPa to 0.10 MPa
穩(wěn)壓泵的設計壓力應符合下列要求：
The design pressure of the pressure stabilizing pump should meet the following requirements:
穩(wěn)壓泵的設計壓力應滿足系統(tǒng)自動啟動和管網(wǎng)充滿水的要求,；
The design pressure of the pressure stabilizing pump should meet the requirements of automatic system startup and water filling of the pipeline network;
穩(wěn)壓泵的設計壓力應保持系統(tǒng)自動啟泵壓力設置點處的壓力在準工作狀態(tài)時大于系統(tǒng)設置自動啟泵壓力值,，且增加值宜為0.07MPa～0.10MPa；
The design pressure of the pressure stabilizing pump should maintain that the pressure at the set point of the system's automatic pump starting pressure is greater than the set automatic pump starting pressure value of the system in the quasi working state, and the increase value should be 0.07MPa~0.10MPa;
穩(wěn)壓泵的設計壓力應保持系統(tǒng)不利點處水滅火設施在準工作狀態(tài)時的靜水壓力應大于0.15MPa,。
The design pressure of the pressure stabilizing pump should maintain the static water pressure of the water extinguishing facilities at the most unfavorable point of the system in the quasi working state, which should be greater than 0.15MPa.
設置穩(wěn)壓泵的臨時高壓消防給水系統(tǒng)應設置防止穩(wěn)壓泵頻繁啟停的技術措施,，當采用氣壓水罐時，其調(diào)節(jié)容積應根據(jù)穩(wěn)壓泵啟泵次數(shù)不大于15次/h計算確定,，但有效儲水容積不宜小于150L,。
The temporary high-pressure fire water supply system with a pressure stabilizing pump should be equipped with technical measures to prevent frequent start and stop of the pressure stabilizing pump. When using a pneumatic water tank, its regulating volume should be determined based on the number of times the pressure stabilizing pump is started no more than 15 times/h, but the effective water storage volume should not be less than 150L.
五、水泵接合器：
5,、 Water pump adapter:
自動噴水滅火系統(tǒng),、水噴霧滅火系統(tǒng)、泡沫滅火系統(tǒng)和固定消防炮滅火系統(tǒng)等水滅火系統(tǒng),，均應設置消防水泵接合器,。5.4.3 消防水泵接合器的給水流量宜按每個10L/s～15L/s計算。每種水滅火系統(tǒng)的消防水泵接合器設置的數(shù)量應按系統(tǒng)設計流量經(jīng)計算確定,，但當計算數(shù)量超過3個時,，可根據(jù)供水可靠性適當減少；
Water fire extinguishing systems such as automatic sprinkler system, water spray extinguishing system, foam extinguishing system and fixed fire monitor extinguishing system shall be equipped with fire pump adapter. 5.4.3 The water supply flow of the fire pump adapter should be calculated at a rate of 10L/s to 15L/s. The number of fire pump adapters for each type of water extinguishing system should be determined through calculation based on the system design flow rate. However, when the calculated number exceeds 3, it can be appropriately reduced based on water supply reliability;
六,、消防水泵房：
6,、 Fire water pump room:
關鍵點：設備布置+環(huán)境要求+設置位置
Key points: equipment layout+environmental requirements+setting location
設備布置
Equipment layout
消防水泵機組的布置應符合下列規(guī)定：
The layout of the fire pump unit should comply with the following regulations:
相鄰兩個機組及機組墻壁間的凈距，當電機容量小于22kW時,，不宜小于0.60m,；當電動機容量不小于22kW，且不大于55kW時,，不宜小于0.8m,；當電動機容量大于55kW且小于255kW時，不宜小于1.2m,；當電動機容量大于255kW時,，不宜小于1.5m；
The clear distance between adjacent units and the wall should not be less than 0.60m when the motor capacity is less than 22kW; When the motor capacity is not less than 22kW and not more than 55kW, it should not be less than 0.8m; When the motor capacity is greater than 55kW and less than 255kW, it should not be less than 1.2m; When the motor capacity is greater than 255kW, it should not be less than 1.5m;
當消防水泵就地檢修時,，應少在每個機組一側設消防水泵機組寬度加0.5m的通道,，并應保證消防水泵軸和電動機轉子在檢修時能拆卸；
When the fire water pump is undergoing on-site maintenance, a channel with a width of at least 0.5m should be installed on one side of each unit, and it should be ensured that the fire water pump shaft and motor rotor can be disassembled during maintenance;
消防水泵房的主要通道寬度不應小于1.2m,。
The main passage width of the fire pump room should not be less than 1.2m.
環(huán)境要求
Environmental requirements
【通風宜按6次/h設計】
Ventilation should be designed at 6 times per hour
消防水泵房的設計應根據(jù)具體情況設計相應的采暖,、通風和排水設施,，并應符合下列規(guī)定：
The design of the fire pump room should be based on the specific situation and design corresponding heating, ventilation, and drainage facilities, and should comply with the following regulations:
嚴寒、寒冷等冬季結冰地區(qū)采暖溫度不應低于10℃,，但當無人值守時不應低于5℃,；
The heating temperature in winter freezing areas such as severe cold and cold should not be lower than 10 ℃, but should not be lower than 5 ℃ when unmanned;
消防水泵房的通風宜按6次/h設計；
The ventilation of the fire pump room should be designed at 6 times per hour;
消防水泵房應設置排水設施,。
The fire pump room should be equipped with drainage facilities.
設置位置
Set Position
【不應設置在地下三層及以下】
It should not be set at or below the third underground floor
消防水泵房應符合下列規(guī)定：
The fire pump room should comply with the following regulations:
獨立建造的消防水泵房耐火等級不應低于二級；
The fire resistance rating of an independently built fire pump room should not be lower than Level 2;
附設在建筑物內(nèi)的消防水泵房,，不應設置在地下三層及以下,，或室內(nèi)地面與室外出入口地坪高差大于10m的地下樓層；
The fire water pump room attached to the building should not be installed on three or less underground floors, or on underground floors with a height difference of more than 10m between the indoor ground and the outdoor entrance ground;
附設在建筑物內(nèi)的消防水泵房,，應采用耐火極限不低于2.0h的隔墻和1.50h的樓板與其他部位隔開,，其疏散門應直通出口，且開向疏散走道的門應采用防火門,。
The fire water pump room attached to the building should be separated from other parts by partition walls with a fire resistance limit of no less than 2.0h and a 1.50h floor slab. The evacuation door should directly lead to the safety exit, and the door opening towards the evacuation aisle should use Class A fire doors.
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